Dualism by Plato and Descartes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dualism by Plato and Descartes - Assignment Example Whereas for Descartes, so has to be integrated with the body for it to function while Plato thought that the soul ought to be separated from the body so that it can think better. For Plato, the soul has already a â€Å"pure and perfect† knowledge even before the birth of the body and it is at its thinking best when it is in this condition without the distraction of everyday life. While Descartes thought the soul is necessary to animate the body, Plato thought that the soul is in its â€Å"ideal† condition when it is separated from the body upon death.Considering this viewpoint of Plato that the soul has already a perfect knowledge even before it was born to a body, provides human experience with moral value because the soul already has this moral predisposition even before it was born into a body. Cartesian dualism provides us the confidence that this moral predisposition has its use when the soul animates the body because it provides human endeavor a sense of rectitude .

The Controversy Behind Child Spanking Essay -- Child Abuse Parenting E

The Controversy Behind Child Spanking   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spanking a child is a controversial issue. On one side of the debate are people who believe spanking is a necessary component of parenting. On the contrary are people who think spanking a child is destructive. Somewhere in the middle are people who believe spanking is legitimate only when used correctly. Part of the reason for the debate is that some parents and experts define spanking differently. To some, spanking means slapping a child on the rear-end, while others believe it is a form of corporal punishment that does not cause injury. By showing how each perspective of spanking supports their claim and defining spanking, one will be able to form an opinion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to conclude an argument, it is first necessary to define any vague or ambiguous terms. Spanking is an unclear term in need of explanation. To some spanking means to slap a child on the buttocks, while others believe it is a mild form of corporal punishment which does not cause harm to the child. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) defines spanking as ?one or two flat-handed swats on a child?s wrist or rear end? (Rosellini 52). The New American Webster Handy College Dictionary also agrees with the AAP when defining spanking as ?[to] strike with an open hand.? Spanking does not infer a sustained whipping from Dads belt, but a mild form of corporal punishment that does not cause injury.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spanking is alive and well today despite the antispanking prohibition. In a poll sponsored by Working Mother and the Epcot Center at Walt Disney World in Florida, 7,225 adults and 2,599 kids were surveyed (Hickey 48). When asked ?When should parents spank their children,? 51 percent replied ?When they think it?s necessary,? 30 percent said ?Only in extreme circumstances,? and only ten percent answered ?Never?(Hickey 48). Twelve percent of young adults, ages 18 to 34, which responded to the poll, said spanking should not occur; in comparison with the seven percent of both the 35-49 and 50-64 age groups which responded ?Never? (Hickey 48). The poll asked ?Which of these is (or was) most often used in your family to control children?s behavior As the prevalent choice, 37 percent responded ?Taking away privileges,? 23 percent said ?spanking,? 18 percent replied ?reasoning with the child,? four percent said ?bribes? and three percent answered ?ass... ...imate act of communication, not a savage form of child abuse. The question of whether to spank or not has been the most controversial child-rearing issue of the past three decades. Though no end in sight, after analyzing my research of the extremes of spanking, I conclude in the gray area. John Rosemond proved the most logical approach to spanking. He has studied both sides of the issues and points out the inconsistencies of each side. Rosemond supports his point of view with grounds of disagreement and agreement and fills gaps the gap of the gray area connecting the opposing sides. WORKS CITED Hickey, Mary C.. To Spank Or Not To Spank. Working-Mother. v. 14 Jan. ?91, p. 48-9. Nelson, Gerald E., Lewak Richard W.. Who?s the Boss?: Love, Authority, and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parenting. Boston: Shambhala Publications, INC. Ramsberg, Dawn. The Debate Over Spanking. ERIC Digest. Mar. ?97. Rosellini, Lynn. When To Spank. U.S. News and World Report. v. 124 no14 Apr. 13   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ?98, p. 52-3+. Rosemond, John. To Spank or Not to Spank. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1994. Socolar, Rebecca. Survey Says Some Mothers Still Believe That Spanking Is Good   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discipline, Jet. 30 Jan, ?95.

Ethics Golden Rule

There is no ‘right vs.. Wrong when it comes to showing reverence for the dead or comforting the grieving. Perhaps it is better to think in terms of appropriate vs.. Inappropriate, or thoughtful vs.. Thoughtless. When you're not sure what to do, the best course of action is always the Golden Rule: ‘treat others the way you wish to be treated. Under this ethical code, funeral directors, cremation societies and direct disposers are expected to treat with he greatest respect the clients they serve, the deceased with whom they are entrusted; the general public who seek information; the cultural values, religious traditions, and familial relationships of all; the private information they are given; and the laws of the state; and the profession in which they serve. The death Of a loved one is an incredibly difficult time, and a family needs to feel supported and cared for when they choose a funeral professional to take care of a loved one.Ethical treatment of the deceased is the highest priority for cremation societies, funeral homes and cemeteries. It is an honor and a sacred duty to help a family when they have lost a loved one. It is a spiritual and reverent experience to care for those who have died. Those in Funeral Service are committed to leading the way in funeral industry ethics, and showing the communities, in which they serve that do take their duties and responsibilities seriously in showing reverence for the dead. What should be done with the dead? Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting? (l Corinthians 15:55) Death is never a welcome visitor. Death may come suddenly or be receded by a long, lingering illness. No matter how we may sometimes think we are prepared for a death, it is always perceived as â€Å"sudden† and without warning. Many people are so afraid of death that the topic is totally avoided from any thought or discussion. Several methods for disposal are practiced: earth burial, entombment, cremation o r donation of the decedent's body for anatomical study. In many cases, the manner of disposal is dominated by spiritual guidelines and a desire to show reverence for the dead, and may be highly radicalized.Many religions as well as legal jurisdictions have set rules regarding the disposal of corpses of the dead. Since the experience of death is universal to all humans, practices regarding corpse disposal are a part of every culture and religion. There is a duty upon certain people to dispose of a body after a death. This duty falls on the executor or administrator of the decedent's estate, the parents of a deceased child, a hospital authority / nursing home if the body of a deceased patient is on its premises and the local authority where no arrangements are otherwise made for the disposal.

Into the Wild an Analysis of Who Jack Londonwas to Chris...

â€Å"Jack London is King† this was carved in to a block of wood found at the bus where Chris McCandless’s body was found. Chris McCandless admired Jack London as a man and a writer. Chris went into the wild’s of Alaska to prove that he could live off the land, with no modern conveniences, and no human contact. Jack London wrote stories about men and animals experiences against the environment, and survival against hardships, which were written from his own life. His works included individualism and the study of the laws of nature. Chris wanted to explore his own individualism, who he was, and how he was to live the rest of his life. Jack London was a great writer. People who read and study his work become inspired. He is read around the†¦show more content†¦Chris McCandless went on this Alaskan journey because he wanted to be like Jack London. In many ways Chris was inspired by Jack London. Jack London was a Socialist, he was young and strong and could do any hard labor. Then one day he looked around and saw men and women all twisted out of shape from toil, hardship and accidents, just tossed aside like many old horses. Then he thought what would happen to him when his strength gave out. Chris believed that wealth was shameful, corrupting, inherently evil. He couldn’t understand how people could be allowed to go hungry. Chris spent many weekends talking with prostitutes and homeless people, buying them something to eat. Writers like Jack London inspired Chris to reject the material society that he lived in and seek a new life based on purity and truth. He wanted to find the spiritual and philosophical meaning of his own life. To do this Chris felt that the only way to achieve this was by going into the wilderness and abandoning human contact. Chris began his adventure by getting rid of his suburban identity, by changing his name to Alexander Supertramp. Then he headed into the wild with little more than the clothes on his back, because of some passages he read. Yet, when Jack London went to Alaska to pan for gold, he went with 2000 pounds of supplies and equipment. In one book Jack London describes a forest drenched in silence and solitude. His glorification of the desolation appeals to

The Story of Apollo and Marsyas

Analysis of Differnt Forms of Liberty - 1723 Words

The concept of liberty is important to this very day. Liberty initially means to be fundamentally free within ones society from any types of oppression, either from higher authority or from having different form ideologies that can be political or social. Liberty is a form of power that lets one act on their sets and values. In this paper, concept of liberty will be discussed on behalf of two philosophers, John Locke and Jean- Jacques Rousseau. Although liberty provides one to act as they please, there can be different forms of liberty, which are developed naturally by the state of nature and socially through development of human reasoning; state of nature is based on absolute freedom, while socially liberty is restricted. Firstly, John†¦show more content†¦One may destroy an individual if he takes away ones liberty where he makes him into a slave. This compels the individual to hurt or kill that person because that individual is taking the individual preservation, where t hey do not want to be controlled by any one and have their own way of life. For one not to kill another individual that individual also has to demonstrate that he is not enforcing power over him. For example, Locke claims, â€Å"But when the actual force is over, the state of war ceases between those that are in the society, and are equally subjected to fair determination of the law.†(Locke, 1690, p. 15). For this reason, in a civil society if the force to kill by both parties is over and one has conducted a crime, they can be prosecuted for the crime they have done, and prevent future occurrence of this type of event to happen again. Thus, state of war generally means state of conflict, where if one is threaten by any way they have the right to protect themselves by any means necessary even killing. If the conflict has stopped between either conflicting individuals or groups they have the right to have a trail to prosecute that individual or group that was threatening their liberty and preventing this type of conflict to take place again. There are two different forms of liberty one is the natural liberty that is provided by nature to be free from any type of power or authority. The second liberty is in a civil

Systems Analysis and Design Free Essays

ACME Financial is a fast growing company that owes part of its growth to several recent acquisitions. ACME Financial now wants to consolidate the companies’ information technology resources to eliminate redundancy and share information among the new companies. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) has oversight responsibility for the project and has hired Client/Servers R Us to develop the architecture for the new corporate information system. We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Analysis and Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now Joe Consultant of C/S R Us presented 3 client/server designs to the CIO and is requesting the CIO to select one. The CIO is not sure which middleware design is best for the company’s goals. The CIO has asked Chris Consultant to present the advantages and disadvantages for each of the alternatives. Background ACME Financial Incorporated (AF Inc. ) is an investment banking company that provides an on-line service that allows their clients to access account and market information. ACME Financial Inc. recently acquired several small and medium sized companies throughout the country, each with their own financial and accounting systems. Almost all of the companies have developed their own application software for their analysts’ use in their daily jobs, but only a few provided on-line account service. The analytical tools rely on near-real time market data and historical market data. The CIO wants to consolidate the financial and accounting information into a corporate information system that can support decision support applications for corporate management. Naturally, since the computer hardware is different for different companies, the CIO expects to upgrade the hardware to accommodate the new Information Technology (IT) system. The CIO will select the best analytical software as the standard software used by all company analysts. Each local site will be expected to provide an on-line service for their customers. Customers will be given the necessary application software to access their account information. Finally, ACME Financial has developed special data mining software that gives them a competitive advantage. AF Inc. offers their customers investment advice based on the information derived by the data mining software. Each account manager receives the information and then provides tailored recommendations  to each customer based on their portfolio. System Requirements The following list of system requirements reflects the system’s priorities (listed roughly in order of priority): 1. Availability: The CIO’s number one priority is high availability. AF Inc. markets their reliability and feels that most clients choose them for their dependability. The CIO wants to maximize the system’s availability. To achieve high availability, if a regional office cannot provide support then a customer must always have access to the on-line service through a different office. 2. Data Integrity: The requirement for data integrity varies within the system. The most important data are customer’s transactions. It is essential that a customer’s transaction is never lost and the system must guarantee that each transaction is completed. In contrast, data lost from the high data rate inputs, such as Reuter’s and the NYSE, are easily recovered during the each broadcast so it is not critical if some data are lost during a broadcast. 3. Performance: Financial markets are highly volatile; time sensitivity of data is measured in minutes. Millions can be lost if information is delayed getting to the analysts. The system must be able to support information broadcast throughout the network. 4. Security: The CIO is concerned about the security of the data mining software and the information produced by the data mining software. The Chief Executive Officer thinks the data mining information software provides a competitive advantage for the company. If an unauthorized user had access to the information they could steal the data mining applications or steal the information produced by the data mining software. In either case, the perpetrator could make the same investment recommendations as AF Inc. account managers. Therefore, if competitors had access to the information the results could be financially devastating to the company. The CIO is concerned that a competitor could pose as a customer and hack into the highly sensitive information through his on-line service account. 5. Growth: The CIO envisions an incremental migration process to install the new system due to the magnitude of the change. Also, he expects that AF Inc. will continue to grow and acquire more companies. The CIO wants to be able to develop more application software as new customer services are added. The CIO also wants to add more near-real time information sources to  the system. 6. Backup and Recovery: The CIO understands that the system will encounter problems from time to time. A key factor in determining the system’s success is how quickly the system can recover from a failure. Backup and recovery must be smooth and non-disruptive. One way to ensure that the system can easily recover from a system crash is to make sure the data is duplicated elsewhere on the system. The corporate database is the primary back up for each of the regional offices. Configuration Each local office (Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest) has accesses a regional information hub. Local offices use client software to access the local application server. These application servers access the local databases for almost all of the information needed on a daily basis. For access to information needed less frequently the application software should access the central database at corporate headquarters. Each regional database has only the subset of information that is relevant for its area, whereas the corporate headquarters maintains all of the information from each region as well as data that is unique to corporate applications, such as additional accounting and company financial information. The corporate office is also responsible for the data mining software and information. Each of the regional databases is connected with high capacity links to the corporate database. Finally, the corporate office receives information from Reuter’s, NYSE, NASDAQ, and other financial markets. The information flow fluctuates daily from 30 – 40 KBps to 4 – 5 MBps. Twenty-five percent of the information is immediately broadcast to the regional offices to support the on-line account service. All the information is filtered and stored in the database. Architectural Alternatives Alternative I: The Database Management System This alternative takes advantage of the extended functionality provided by the popular relational database management companies, such as Oracle and Sybase. All information is delivered into the system where it is immediately stored into one of the databases. The relational database management software is responsible for the distribution of information throughout the system. Clients communicate with the databases through Standard Query Language (SQL). Corporate and regional databases are kept synchronized using features supplied by the RDBMS software. Transactions are guaranteed by using special Transaction Processing Software. The vendor-supplied RDBMS software is responsible for back-up and recovery of all the databases. Data security is handled at the row level within each database. This means that clients can only receive records for which their user has permission. Existing application software may have to be modified to use SQL. Alternative II: Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) This solution depends on CORBA to tie together the clients and databases. CORBA is responsible for distributing data across the system. The RDBMS software is still responsible for the back-up and recovery, but the databases are kept synchronized using CORBA as the primary transport mechanism for the data. Clients, application servers, and databases communicate to each other through CORBA’s transport mechanism. Existing application software would be wrapped in IDL to communicate with other applications. Special near-real time handling application software would send the information to each of the regional offices where it would be directed to clients that subscribe to the information. Alternative III: Message and Queuing (MQ) The message and queuing design uses commercial M Q software combined with a transaction processing product to ensure customer’s transactions are completed. Dec Message Queue and MQ Series are some of the leading products for messaging and queuing software. Clients communicate to other entities using messages. Messages are deposited in queues and the message and queuing middleware is responsible for message distribution to the appropriate clients. The software applications will be modified to send and receive messages from queues. Questions to Answer (Total 100 points) The case study must be discussed covering the designs and these questions with your teammates, but your final write-up should be your collaborative work. Doing research on specific products for the assignment should certainly be a team activity. The total length of the write-up should probably not exceed 5 pages. 1. Describe in more detail the architecture of each architectural alternative. To do this you will need to flesh out the specifics of the various parts. This will require some research on the  products indicated (or other comparable products that you locate). Note that some services are automatically provided when a particular product is purchased, while others must be developed to satisfy the system requirements. You should describe what services are automatically provided by the products, which services would need to be developed, and how services should be distributed across the network. (40 points) 2. Evaluate each of the alternatives against the system requirements, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. (You may assume that the hardware will support all solutions.) In your analysis you might consider issues such as which alternative gives the system developers the most flexibility, which alternative provides easiest maintenance, and which alternative requires the least modification to the current system. Other hints for system comparison are listed below. (40 points) 3. Prioritize each alternative or suggest a different solution if you think it superior to the presented alternatives. (20 points) Suggestions on how to proceed 1. There is not enough information to make an informed decision about each of the alternatives. As a team, allot a percentage of your time to discover which products offer what type of services. You do not have enough time to do a complete market survey so be selective. 2. If you depend only on marketing information you may find that the alternatives are equivalent. So you might want to go beyond the market literature in doing your research for this assignment. 3. As you do your analysis, pay particular attention to some of the following kinds of issues: a. How well does the architecture support the basic system functionality requirements? b. How much run time performance overhead does the architecture impose? c. How well will specific products handle the high volume of data? d. How will each architecture handle occasional peak loads? e. How easy is it to customize the system to new requirements? 4. In your analysis, when you are considering costs, you do not need to consider the actual product cost. (It may be impossible to get actual product costs anyway. ) Instead, evaluate cost with respect to the amount of customized software that will be necessary to implement each alternative, and how this might affect long-term maintenance costs, time to implement, flexibility, etc. How to cite Systems Analysis and Design, Papers